The precautionary principle and genetically modified organisms: A bone of contention between European institutions and member states

Abstract This manuscript examines how the Precautionary Principle has been applied to provide a mechanism for protection of environment and health in response introduction Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Europe. It discusses Court Justice European Union (CJEU) handled national requests across four cases which Member States had failed their attempt trigger order uphold ban or suspension cultivation sale GMOs territory. The analysis these judgements suggests that court narrow interpretation scientific evidence emerging from risk assessments, thereby limited potential precautionary measures by be upheld court. outcome reflects `weak' application contrast with `moderate' formulation `strong' principle offered legal framework. Moreover, highlights CJEU's rulings are not keeping pace development normative framework considers as key tenet and, through 2015 Directive, enables GMO without referring evidence.